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葡萄牙語規則動詞現在式

葡萄牙語動詞確實比英語動詞更難學。作為一種羅曼語系語言,葡萄牙語並不缺乏需要記錄的動詞形式。

Fortunately, there are plenty of regular verbs as well, that is, verbs following a regular pattern concerning their conjugation. This means that you can learn and apply a conjugation “formula” that works with any regular verb. Neat.

在葡萄牙語中,規則動詞分為 3 個變形組:

1st conjugation: -AR (Acordar)2nd conjugation: -ER (Mexer)3rd conjugation: -IR (Partir)
Euacordomexoparto
Tuacordasmexespartes
Ele, ela, vocêacordamexeparte
Nósacordamosmexemospartimos
Vocês acordam mexempartem
Eles, elasacordammexempartem

接下來,我將引導您更詳細地了解結合模式。也就是說,我們研究了一些有時在現在式第一人稱中發生的細微拼字調整。請繼續閱讀。

Lesson #3 Regular Verbs -ar Present Tense - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #5 - Regular Verbs 2-Group Present Tense - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #8 Regular Verbs 3-Group - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #11 Semi-regular verbs -ir - Portuguesepedia

這是一篇類似的文章 past tense葡萄牙語規則動詞過去式.  

常規共軛

若要變位任何現在式的規則動詞,請刪除 不定式的結尾 – 或者 ar, er, 或者 ir – 並在字幹上加上以下字尾(以粗體標示):

1st conjugation: -AR (Pensar)2nd conjugation: -ER (Vender)3rd conjugation: -IR (Abrir)
Eupensovendoabro
Tupensasvendesabres
Ele, ela, vocêpensavendeabre
Nóspensamosvendemosabrimos
Vocês (vós)*pensam (pensais)vendem (vendeis)abrem (abris)
Eles, elaspensamvendemabrem
Other commonly used regular verbsficar, andar, falar, chegar, costumar, gostar, morarcomer, beber, querer, dever, correr, viverpartir, existir, sentir, dormir

* 在現代葡萄牙語中,2人稱複數和3人稱複數共享相同的動詞形式。您偶爾可能會聽到過時的版本(上表中的括號內)與代名詞結合使用 vós. 隨著它的使用變得越來越少,我認為你不應該費心去學習它。   

細微的拼字調整

裡面有幾個動詞 -ir 其共軛遵循上述模式的基團 除了第一人稱 – 這些動詞包含 e 或者 一個 o 在他們的莖中。

所以 eo 變得 iu (分別)以第一人稱。這裡有一些例子:

e to i
despireu dispo, tu despes, ele despe, etc.
mentireu minto, tu mentes, ele mente, etc.
preferireu prefiro, tu preferes, ele, prefere, etc
o to u
cobrireu cubro, tu cobres, ele, cobre, etc.
dormireu durmo, tu dormes, ele dorme, etc.
tossireu tusso, tu tosses, ele tosse, etc.

另外,如果一個莖 -er 或者 -ir 動詞以 -c, -g, 或者 gu,這些輔音變為 , -j, 和 g 分別以現在式的第一人稱(以保留原始子音*): 

c to ç
conhecereu conheço, tu conheces, ele conhece, etc.
parecereu pareço, tu pareces, ele parece, etc.
g to j
fugireu fujo, tu foges, ele foge, etc.
agireu ajo, tu ages, ele age, etc.
gu to g
conseguireu consigo, tu consegues, ele consegue, etc.
seguireu sigo, tu segues, ele segue, etc.

* 了解更多有關葡萄牙語音系和拼字聲音模式的資訊: 歐洲葡萄牙語發音 – 葡萄牙語音系和拼字聲音模式完整指南.

你想學的10個非常規動詞

現在式確實有很多規則動詞(第一組動詞是迄今為止最大的)。然而,一些最廣泛使用的葡萄牙語動詞恰好是不規則的。 

以下是 10 個您應該熟記的葡萄牙語不規則動詞:

ser (be)sou, és, é, somos, são
estar (be)estou, estás, está, estamos, estão
ter (have)tenho, tens, tem, temos, têm
haver (there is)
dar (give)dou, dás, dá, damos, dão
pôr (put)ponho, pões, põe, pomos, põem
ir (go)vou, vais, vai, vamos, vão
fazer (do, make)faço, fazes, faz, fazemos, fazem
poder (can)posso, podes, pode, podemos, podem
saber (know)sei, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabem

讀書小竅門! 說到廣泛使用的動詞。以下是一些可以讓您更好地使用葡萄牙語的讀物:

葡萄牙語必知不規則動詞
充分利用葡萄牙語動詞「Ficar」:用法一覽表和詞形變化
葡萄牙語動詞“Haver”以及您用它所說的所有內容
葡萄牙語動詞“Dar”:用法和慣用表達
葡萄牙語動詞 Ser 與 Estar:如何以及何時使用其中之一

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