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葡萄牙语规则动词现在时

葡萄牙语动词确实比英语动词更难学。作为一种罗曼语系语言,葡萄牙语并不缺乏需要记录的动词形式。

Fortunately, there are plenty of regular verbs as well, that is, verbs following a regular pattern concerning their conjugation. This means that you can learn and apply a conjugation “formula” that works with any regular verb. Neat.

在葡萄牙语中,规则动词分为 3 个变形组:

1st conjugation: -AR (Acordar)2nd conjugation: -ER (Mexer)3rd conjugation: -IR (Partir)
Euacordomexoparto
Tuacordasmexespartes
Ele, ela, vocêacordamexeparte
Nósacordamosmexemospartimos
Vocês acordam mexempartem
Eles, elasacordammexempartem

接下来,我将引导您更详细地了解结合模式。也就是说,我们研究了一些有时在现在时第一人称中发生的细微拼写调整。请继续阅读。

Lesson #3 Regular Verbs -ar Present Tense - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #5 - Regular Verbs 2-Group Present Tense - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #8 Regular Verbs 3-Group - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #11 Semi-regular verbs -ir - Portuguesepedia

这是一篇类似的文章 past tense葡萄牙语规则动词过去时态.  

常规共轭

要变位任何现在时的规则动词,请删除 不定式的结尾 – 或者 ar, er, 或者 ir – 并在词干上添加以下词尾(以粗体标记):

1st conjugation: -AR (Pensar)2nd conjugation: -ER (Vender)3rd conjugation: -IR (Abrir)
Eupensovendoabro
Tupensasvendesabres
Ele, ela, vocêpensavendeabre
Nóspensamosvendemosabrimos
Vocês (vós)*pensam (pensais)vendem (vendeis)abrem (abris)
Eles, elaspensamvendemabrem
Other commonly used regular verbsficar, andar, falar, chegar, costumar, gostar, morarcomer, beber, querer, dever, correr, viverpartir, existir, sentir, dormir

* 在现代葡萄牙语中,2人称复数和3人称复数共享相同的动词形式。您偶尔可能会听到过时的版本(上表中的括号内)与代词结合使用 vós. 随着它的使用变得越来越少,我认为你不应该费心去学习它。   

细微的拼写调整

里面有几个动词 -ir 其共轭遵循上述模式的基团 除了第一人称 – 这些动词包含 e 或者 一个 o 在他们的茎中。

所以 eo 变得 iu (分别)以第一人称。这里有一些例子:

e to i
despireu dispo, tu despes, ele despe, etc.
mentireu minto, tu mentes, ele mente, etc.
preferireu prefiro, tu preferes, ele, prefere, etc
o to u
cobrireu cubro, tu cobres, ele, cobre, etc.
dormireu durmo, tu dormes, ele dorme, etc.
tossireu tusso, tu tosses, ele tosse, etc.

另外,如果茎 -er 或者 -ir 动词以 -c, -g, 或者 gu,这些辅音变为 , -j, 和 g 分别以现在时的第一人称(以保留原始辅音*): 

c to ç
conhecereu conheço, tu conheces, ele conhece, etc.
parecereu pareço, tu pareces, ele parece, etc.
g to j
fugireu fujo, tu foges, ele foge, etc.
agireu ajo, tu ages, ele age, etc.
gu to g
conseguireu consigo, tu consegues, ele consegue, etc.
seguireu sigo, tu segues, ele segue, etc.

* 了解有关葡萄牙语音系和拼写声音模式的更多信息: 欧洲葡萄牙语发音 – 葡萄牙语音系和拼写声音模式完整指南.

你想学的10个非常规动词

现在时确实有很多规则动词(第一组动词是迄今为止最大的)。然而,一些最广泛使用的葡萄牙语动词恰好是不规则的。 

以下是您应该熟记的 10 个葡萄牙语不规则动词:

ser (be)sou, és, é, somos, são
estar (be)estou, estás, está, estamos, estão
ter (have)tenho, tens, tem, temos, têm
haver (there is)
dar (give)dou, dás, dá, damos, dão
pôr (put)ponho, pões, põe, pomos, põem
ir (go)vou, vais, vai, vamos, vão
fazer (do, make)faço, fazes, faz, fazemos, fazem
poder (can)posso, podes, pode, podemos, podem
saber (know)sei, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabem

读书小窍门! 说到广泛使用的动词。以下是一些可以让您更好地使用葡萄牙语的读物:

葡萄牙语必知不规则动词
充分利用葡萄牙语动词“Ficar”:用法一览表和词形变化
葡萄牙语动词“Haver”以及您用它所说的所有内容
葡萄牙语动词“Dar”:用法和惯用表达
葡萄牙语动词 Ser 与 Estar:如何以及何时使用其中之一

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