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葡萄牙語現在虛擬語氣 (Presente Conjuntivo)

葡萄牙語中虛擬語氣的使用(Conjuntivo) is way more frequent than in English. That alone can be a stumbling block for many language learners as they may lack the intuition for when to use it. In this article, we look particularly at the conjugation and usage of the Present Subjunctive (Presente do Conjuntivo).

So, when do we use it? In short, the Present Subjunctive expresses uncertainty, doubt, will, and opinion. Here are a few examples:

É possível que hoje chegue tarde a casa.
今天可能會回來。

Talvez tenhas sorte.
也許你會很幸運。

Quero que sejas feliz.
我希望你快樂。

讓我們深入了解一下。

Lesson #73 Present Subjunctive Conjugation - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #74 Present Subjunctive Usage 1 - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #76 Present Subjunctive Usage Part 3 - Portuguesepedia

相關閱讀.
葡萄牙語過去虛擬語氣:詞形變化與用法
葡萄牙語未來虛擬語調 – 詞形變化與用法

共軛

規則動詞

對於規則動詞,現在虛擬語氣很容易形成。您從不定式形式中獲取詞幹,並根據每組添加詞綴變化:

CANTAR
(1st group –ar)
CORRER
(2nd group –er)
PARTIR
(3rd group –ir)
Eucantecorraparta
Tucantescorraspartas
Ele, elacantecorraparta
Nóscantemoscorramospartamos
Vocês
Eles, elas
cantemcorrampartam

* 了解更多有關葡萄牙語規則動詞的資訊: 葡萄牙語規則動詞與現在式的變形模式.

請注意,少數常規動詞需要調整其拼寫以符合葡萄牙語發音模式*,即不定式形式以 -car, -gar, -cer, 和 -çar:

FICARPAGARDESCERALMOÇAR
Eufiquepaguedesçaalmoce
Tufiquespaguesdesçasalmoces
Ele, elafiquepaguedesçaalmoce
Nósfiquemospaguemosdesçamosalmocemos
Vocês
Eles, elas
fiquempaguemdesçamalmocem

* 了解更多有關葡萄牙語拼字發音模式和音系的資訊: 歐洲葡萄牙語發音:基本發音和拼字發音模式的有用指南.

不規則動詞

第一個人 指示性情緒

有一些不規則動詞您仍然可以應用上面的詞形變化模式。然而,你從第一人稱中得到了詞幹 指示性情緒 (現在式),而不是來自它們的無限形式: 

FIRST-PERSON
INDICATIVE-MOOD
PRESENT-SUBJUNCTIVE
PODERpossopossa; possas; possa; possamos; possam
FAZERfaçofaça; faças; faça; façamos; façam 
VERvejo veja; vejas; veja; vejamos; vejam
VIRvenho venha; venhas; venha; venhamos; venham
TERtenho tenha; tenhas; tenha; tenhamos; tenham

熟記於心

對於其他一些不規則動詞,你沒有任何參考詞幹可以參考——你必須死記硬背。儘管如此,他們中的許多人仍然採用同樣熟悉的現在虛擬語氣結尾:

PRESENT-SUBJUNCTIVE
SERseja; sejas; seja; sejamos; sejam
ESTAResteja; estejas; esteja; estejamos; estejam
IRvá; vás; vá; vamos; vão
DARdê; dês, dê, dêmos; deem
QUERERqueira; queiras; queira; queiramos; queiram
SABERsaiba; saibas; saiba; saibamos; saibam
HAVERhaja 

何時使用現在虛擬語氣

葡萄牙語中的現在虛擬語氣通常用於複雜的句子中,並放置在從屬子句內(緊接在連接詞或表達式之後)。在本節中,我將引導您了解幾個這樣的結構。

! 我們經常使用 人稱虛擬語氣 在我們也可以使用的結構中 人稱不定式 (Infinitivo Pessoal) 反而。從這個意義上說,它們是密切相關的,我們是否使用其中一個通常取決於所使用的連接詞/表達方式。以下是與本文相關的閱讀內容: 葡萄牙語人稱不定式:它是什麼以及何時使用它.

動詞表達 將要, 慾望, 情感, 和 懷疑

當主句中的動詞表達以下之一時,我們經常使用現在虛擬語氣 意志、慾望、情緒、 or 懷疑 後面是連接詞 que*.

* que 對應於 that 在英語中 – 它是一個連接詞*,引入從屬子句,後面通常跟著虛擬語氣。

這裡有一些這樣的動詞:

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