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葡萄牙語祈使句

Like other Romance languages, Portuguese has an abundance of verb forms. Adding to the pile is the Imperative mood. We use the Imperative to give instructions and commands, urge someone to do something, and give spatial directions.

Now, the Imperative form in Portuguese will change depending on whether the tone is casual or formal, whether you are affirming or negating something, or whether you are talking to a single person or a group of people.

Here’s an example with the verb Falar (Speak): 

當務之急 1singular,
informal
Fala mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)
當務之急2 singular,
informal

(negation)
Não fales mais baixo.
(Don’t lower your voice)
當務之急 3 singular,
formal
Fale mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)
當務之急 4複數Falem mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)

Then, the challenge is knowing when to use the Imperative as much as recalling the right form that matches the context. Luckily, there are a couple of helpful tricks. Read on.

Lesson #70 Imperative Regular Verbs - Portuguesepedia

策略 1 – 調整第一人稱現在式的結尾

這種策略簡單、直接,很受初學者歡迎。 

您從相關動詞的現在簡單第一人稱開始,然後調整其結尾以找到您正在尋找的命令式形式。您所需要的只是學習一些調整模式,如下所示。

但有一個警告!它僅適用於常規動詞。

誠然,大多數動詞都是規則動詞,因此,這種策略仍然廣泛適用和有用。然而,正如您所知,一些最常用的動詞是不規則的。

也就是說,讓我們來學習這些調整。 

了解有關常規結合的更多資訊:
葡萄牙語規則動詞現在式
葡萄牙語規則動詞過去式

單數和非正式 (tu)

在非正式場合,祈使句的形式取決於它是肯定句還是否定句的一部分。 

為了找到肯定和否定的變體,對於每個詞形變化組,我們根據以下模式調整現在式第一人稱的結尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 1
affirmation
IMPERATIVE 2
negation
-ar | andarandoanda!não andes!
-er | beberbebobebe!não bebas!
-ir | partirpartoparte!não partas!

單一且正式 (você)

在正式語境中,只有一種祈使句形式(不論句子是否為肯定句)。 

為了找到它,對於每個詞形變化組,我們根據以下模式調整現在時第一人稱的結尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 3
-ar | andarando(não) ande!
-er | beberbebo(não) bebe!
-ir | partirparto(não) parta!

複數 (vocês)

最後,當我們與一群人交談時,我們會根據以下模式調整第一人稱現在式的結尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 4
-ar | andarando(não) andem!
-er | beberbebo(não) bebam!
-ir | partirparto(não) partam!

再次強調,所有這些拼字調整都不適用於不規則動詞。為了解決這些問題,您必須採用下面的第二種策略,或隨著時間的推移熟記它。 

不規則動詞

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