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葡萄牙语现在虚拟语气 (Presente Conjuntivo)

葡萄牙语中虚拟语气的使用(Conjuntivo) is way more frequent than in English. That alone can be a stumbling block for many language learners as they may lack the intuition for when to use it. In this article, we look particularly at the conjugation and usage of the Present Subjunctive (Presente do Conjuntivo).

So, when do we use it? In short, the Present Subjunctive expresses uncertainty, doubt, will, and opinion. Here are a few examples:

É possível que hoje chegue tarde a casa.
今天可能会回来。

Talvez tenhas sorte.
也许你会很幸运。

Quero que sejas feliz.
我希望你快乐。

让我们深入了解一下。

Lesson #73 Present Subjunctive Conjugation - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #74 Present Subjunctive Usage 1 - Portuguesepedia
Lesson #76 Present Subjunctive Usage Part 3 - Portuguesepedia

相关阅读.
葡萄牙语过去虚拟语气:词形变化和用法
葡萄牙语未来虚拟语气 – 词形变化和用法

共轭

规则动词

对于规则动词,现在虚拟语气很容易形成。您从不定式形式中获取词干,并根据每组添加词缀变化:

CANTAR
(1st group –ar)
CORRER
(2nd group –er)
PARTIR
(3rd group –ir)
Eucantecorraparta
Tucantescorraspartas
Ele, elacantecorraparta
Nóscantemoscorramospartamos
Vocês
Eles, elas
cantemcorrampartam

* 了解有关葡萄牙语规则动词的更多信息: 葡萄牙语规则动词和现在时的变形模式.

请注意,少数常规动词需要调整其拼写以符合葡萄牙语发音模式*,即不定式形式以 -car, -gar, -cer, 和 -çar:

FICARPAGARDESCERALMOÇAR
Eufiquepaguedesçaalmoce
Tufiquespaguesdesçasalmoces
Ele, elafiquepaguedesçaalmoce
Nósfiquemospaguemosdesçamosalmocemos
Vocês
Eles, elas
fiquempaguemdesçamalmocem

* 了解有关葡萄牙语拼写发音模式和音系的更多信息: 欧洲葡萄牙语发音:基本发音和拼写发音模式的有用指南.

不规则动词

第一个人 指示性情绪

有一些不规则动词您仍然可以应用上面的词形变化模式。然而,你从第一人称中得到了词干 指示性情绪 (现在时),而不是来自它们的无限形式: 

FIRST-PERSON
INDICATIVE-MOOD
PRESENT-SUBJUNCTIVE
PODERpossopossa; possas; possa; possamos; possam
FAZERfaçofaça; faças; faça; façamos; façam 
VERvejo veja; vejas; veja; vejamos; vejam
VIRvenho venha; venhas; venha; venhamos; venham
TERtenho tenha; tenhas; tenha; tenhamos; tenham

熟记于心

对于其他一些不规则动词,你没有任何参考词干可以参考——你必须死记硬背。尽管如此,他们中的许多人仍然采用同样熟悉的现在虚拟语气结尾:

PRESENT-SUBJUNCTIVE
SERseja; sejas; seja; sejamos; sejam
ESTAResteja; estejas; esteja; estejamos; estejam
IRvá; vás; vá; vamos; vão
DARdê; dês, dê, dêmos; deem
QUERERqueira; queiras; queira; queiramos; queiram
SABERsaiba; saibas; saiba; saibamos; saibam
HAVERhaja 

何时使用现在虚拟语气

葡萄牙语中的现在虚拟语气通常用于复杂的句子中,并放置在从属子句内(紧接在连接词或表达式之后)。在本节中,我将引导您了解几个这样的结构。

! 我们经常使用 人称虚拟语气 在我们也可以使用的结构中 人称不定式 (Infinitivo Pessoal) 反而。从这个意义上说,它们是密切相关的,我们是否使用其中之一通常取决于所使用的连接词/表达方式。以下是与本文相关的阅读内容: 葡萄牙语人称不定式:它是什么以及何时使用它.

动词表达 将要, 欲望, 情感, 和 怀疑

当主句中的动词表达以下之一时,我们经常使用现在虚拟语气 意志、欲望、情感、 or 怀疑 后面是连接词 que*.

* que 对应于 that 在英语中 – 它是一个连接词*,引入从属子句,后面通常跟虚拟语气。

这里有一些这样的动词:

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