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葡萄牙语祈使句

Like other Romance languages, Portuguese has an abundance of verb forms. Adding to the pile is the Imperative mood. We use the Imperative to give instructions and commands, urge someone to do something, and give spatial directions.

Now, the Imperative form in Portuguese will change depending on whether the tone is casual or formal, whether you are affirming or negating something, or whether you are talking to a single person or a group of people.

Here’s an example with the verb Falar (Speak): 

当务之急1singular,
informal
Fala mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)
当务之急2 singular,
informal

(negation)
Não fales mais baixo.
(Don’t lower your voice)
当务之急 3 singular,
formal
Fale mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)
当务之急 4复数Falem mais baixo.
(Lower your voice)

Then, the challenge is knowing when to use the Imperative as much as recalling the right form that matches the context. Luckily, there are a couple of helpful tricks. Read on.

Lesson #70 Imperative Regular Verbs - Portuguesepedia

策略 1 – 调整第一人称现在时的结尾

这种策略简单、直接,很受初学者欢迎。 

您从相关动词的现在简单第一人称开始,然后调整其结尾以找到您正在寻找的命令式形式。您所需要的只是学习一些调整模式,如下所示。

但有一个警告!它仅适用于常规动词。

诚然,大多数动词都是规则动词,因此,这种策略仍然广泛适用和有用。然而,正如您所知,一些最常用的动词是不规则的。

也就是说,让我们学习这些调整。 

了解有关常规结合的更多信息:
葡萄牙语规则动词现在时
葡萄牙语规则动词过去时态

单数和非正式 (tu)

在非正式场合,祈使句的形式取决于它是肯定句还是否定句的一部分。 

为了找到肯定和否定的变体,对于每个词形变化组,我们根据以下模式调整现在时第一人称的结尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 1
affirmation
IMPERATIVE 2
negation
-ar | andarandoanda!não andes!
-er | beberbebobebe!não bebas!
-ir | partirpartoparte!não partas!

单一且正式 (você)

在正式语境中,只有一种祈使句形式(无论句子是否是肯定句)。 

为了找到它,对于每个词形变化组,我们根据以下模式调整现在时第一人称的结尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 3
-ar | andarando(não) ande!
-er | beberbebo(não) bebe!
-ir | partirparto(não) parta!

复数 (vocês)

最后,当我们与一群人交谈时,我们会根据以下模式调整第一人称现在时的结尾: 

FIRST-PERSON
Present tense
IMPERATIVE 4
-ar | andarando(não) andem!
-er | beberbebo(não) bebam!
-ir | partirparto(não) partam!

再次强调,所有这些拼写调整都不适用于不规则动词。为了解决这些问题,您必须采用下面的第二种策略,或者随着时间的推移熟记它。 

不规则动词

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