Portugisiska förflutna tider – Användningsöversikt förankrad till engelska
In this article, we will look at the Portuguese equivalents of the English Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect tenses.
Här är ett par analoga läsningar om Närvarande och Framtida tider:
Portugisiska nutid – Användningsöversikt förankrad till engelska
Portugisiska Future Tenses – Usage Rundown förankrad till engelska
Jag kommer att använda verbet dormir (sömn) för alla exemplen nedan:
Dormir | Preterite Pretérito Perfeito | Dormir | Imperfect Pretérito Imperfeito | |
Eu | dormi | dormia |
Tu | dormiste | dormias |
Ele, ela | dormiu | dormia |
Nós | dormimos | dormíamos |
Vocês Eles, elas | dormiram | dormiam |
Present participle Gerúndio | dormindo | |
Past participle Particípio passado | dormido |
Mer än enkelt
There are two Past tenses* that often map onto the English Past simple, namely the Preterite (Pretérito Perfeito) och den Imperfect (Pretérito Imperfeito).
Detta förvirrar ofta elever vars modersmål inte har denna spända nyans (inklusive engelska). Låt oss sedan försöka linda våra huvuden runt det.
* These are technically called “verb aspects” as there’s only one Past tense.
Preterite – Completed Actions
We use the Preterite to talk about past actions that are completed and well delimited in time:
A Raquel dormiu até às 10 da manhã. Raquel slept until 10 in the morning. |
Som du kan se ovan, Preterite (dormiu) översätter till det förflutna enkelt (slept) på engelska.
Further, we can also use a compound verb structure with the auxiliary verb estar in the Preterite followed by the preposition a and the action verb in the Infinitive without any substantial change in meaning:
A Raquel esteve a dormir até às 10 da manhã. Raquel was sleeping until 10 in the morning. |
Finally, note that we also use the Preterite in situations where, in English, we use the Present Perfect:
Olá! I'm Pedro and I'm your Portuguese teacher.
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