Portugalskie czasy przeszłe – podsumowanie użycia zakotwiczone w języku angielskim
In this article, we will look at the Portuguese equivalents of the English Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect tenses.
Oto kilka analogicznych lektur na temat Obecny I Przyszły czasy:
Portugalskie czasy teraźniejsze – podsumowanie użycia zakotwiczone w języku angielskim
Portugalskie czasy przyszłe – podsumowanie użycia zakotwiczone w języku angielskim
Będę używać czasownika dormir (sen) dla wszystkich poniższych przykładów:
Dormir | Preterite Pretérito Perfeito | Dormir | Imperfect Pretérito Imperfeito | |
Eu | dormi | dormia |
Tu | dormiste | dormias |
Ele, ela | dormiu | dormia |
Nós | dormimos | dormíamos |
Vocês Eles, elas | dormiram | dormiam |
Present participle Gerúndio | dormindo | |
Past participle Particípio passado | dormido |
Czas przeszły prosty
There are two Past tenses* that often map onto the English Past simple, namely the Preterite (Pretérito Perfeito) i Imperfect (Pretérito Imperfeito).
Często dezorientuje to uczniów, których język ojczysty nie ma tak napiętych odcieni (w tym angielski). Spróbujmy zatem ogarnąć to głowami.
* These are technically called “verb aspects” as there’s only one Past tense.
Preterite – Completed Actions
We use the Preterite to talk about past actions that are completed and well delimited in time:
A Raquel dormiu até às 10 da manhã. Raquel slept until 10 in the morning. |
Jak widać powyżej, Preterite (dormiu) przekłada się na czas przeszły prosty (slept) po angielsku.
Further, we can also use a compound verb structure with the auxiliary verb estar in the Preterite followed by the preposition a and the action verb in the Infinitive without any substantial change in meaning:
A Raquel esteve a dormir até às 10 da manhã. Raquel was sleeping until 10 in the morning. |
Finally, note that we also use the Preterite in situations where, in English, we use the Present Perfect:
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